THE hypothyroidism is a condition in which the gland thyroid does not produce enough hormones to meet the body's needs. This directly affects metabolism, resulting in fatigue, weight gain, dry skin and other symptoms that are often confused with other diseases.
Summary
Although it is quite common — especially among women — hypothyroidism can go unnoticed for a long time. Recognizing the signs and seeking treatment early diagnosis is essential to start the proper treatment and ensure quality of life.
Explanatory video about hypothyroidism:
What is hypothyroidism and how does it affect the body?
THE hypothyroidism is a condition chronic in which the thyroid — a small gland located in the front of the neck — produces insufficient amounts of T3 hormones (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine). These hormones are responsible for controlling metabolism and several vital functions.
When there is a hormonal deficiency, the body enters a state of metabolic sluggishness. The heart beats slower, digestion becomes slower and even brain function is impaired. The consequence is a series of physical and emotional symptoms that affect routine and well-being.
Furthermore, the lack of hormones affects the way the body uses energy, altering cellular processes and reducing the body's ability to self-regulate.
What are the most common symptoms of hypothyroidism?
You symptoms of hypothyroidism They vary from person to person, but many of them are silent or appear gradually. Therefore, it is common for the condition to take a long time to be diagnosed.
At first, the person may only feel constant tiredness or mood swings. Over time, other important signs appear, such as:
- Weight gain unexplained, even without a change in diet
- Constant feeling of cold, even in heated environments
- Dry skin, rough and dull
- Hair loss and fragile nails
- Constipation and slow digestion
- Mental lethargy, with difficulty concentrating and poor memory
- Sadness or episodes of mild depression
- Slower heartbeat and irregular
- Menstrual irregularity in women
All these symptoms are linked to drop in the production of thyroid hormones and can affect the patient's personal and professional life.
Symptoms of hypothyroidism on the skin and other physical manifestations
THE skin It is one of the first organs to show signs of hypothyroidism. The reduction in hormone production affects cell renewal, leaving the skin looking aged, inelastic and dry. In some cases, there is flaking and even a yellowish coloration, caused by the accumulation of beta-carotene.
Hair can also lose shine, become thin and fall out more easily. nails grow more slowly, become fragile and brittle. There is also the risk of fluid retention, which causes swelling in the face and extremities, especially upon waking.
Over time, it is common for patients to feel muscle pain, weakness and slowness to perform simple daily tasks. These physical changes are direct reflections of the metabolic reduction imposed by hypothyroidism.
Subclinical hypothyroidism: what does this diagnosis mean?
THE subclinical hypothyroidism is a milder form of the disease and often does not present visible symptoms. Diagnosis is made through laboratory tests that identify high TSH levels, even when the T3 and T4 hormones are still within normal limits.
This table indicates that the thyroid gland already shows signs of failure, and the body begins to react by increasing the production of TSH — the hormone that stimulates the thyroid.
Although the patient may not notice anything abnormal, the subclinical hypothyroidism may evolve for a more severe form, in addition to being associated with increased cholesterol and cardiovascular risks. Medical monitoring is essential, and in some cases, treatment with levothyroxine is already indicated as a preventative measure.
👉 For an overview of hormonal impacts on metabolism, see this content about hormonal imbalance.
Does hypothyroidism really make you gain weight? Understand the relationship with metabolism
Yes, hypothyroidism can cause weight gain, but it is not the only explanation for this. The reduction in thyroid hormones slows down the rate at which the body burns calories, resulting in a slower metabolism.
Even with a balanced diet, the body begins to accumulate fat more easily, especially in the abdominal region. In addition, there is a tendency to fluid retention, which contributes to the feeling of bloating and apparent weight gain.
The good news is that, with the correct treatment, it is possible to reverse this situation and restore hormonal balance, promoting weight loss and a return to physical well-being.
Causes of hypothyroidism: what can trigger the disease?
There are several causes of hypothyroidism, the most frequent being Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune disease in which the body itself attacks the thyroid gland.
Other causes include:
- Iodine deficiency, essential for the production of the hormones T3 and T4
- Surgeries in the thyroid region
- Radiotherapy for cancer treatment
- Use of certain medications that affect thyroid function
- Genetic factors, such as congenital hypothyroidism
In newborns, the heel prick test It is essential to identify the condition early and avoid damage to the baby's neurological and physical development.
Is there a cure for hypothyroidism or is it lifelong?
In most cases, the hypothyroidism is a chronic condition, i.e, there is no definitive cure. This happens mainly when it is caused by autoimmune diseases, such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
The treatment, however, is simple and effective: it consists of hormone replacement with levothyroxine, which replaces the hormone that the body has stopped producing. With proper medical monitoring and the right dose, the patient can lead a completely normal and healthy life.
The secret is to frequently monitor TSH levels and adjust medication whenever necessary.
Hypothyroidism Treatment: Important Options and Precautions
THE treatment of hypothyroidism is done with the levothyroxine, a synthetic hormone that acts in the same way as natural T4. The ideal dose varies according to the patient's weight, age, symptoms and laboratory tests.
It is important to take the medication daily, on an empty stomach, with water, and avoid ingesting foods or supplements that may interfere with the absorption of levothyroxine for at least 30 minutes.
Furthermore, the treatment requires periodic examinations, usually every 3 to 6 months, to evaluate the TSH levels and adjust the dose if necessary.
Hypothyroidism in pregnancy: what every pregnant woman should know
During pregnancy, the mother's thyroid gland is responsible for providing the hormones necessary for the baby's development, especially in the first trimester. The hypothyroidism in pregnancy may increase the risk of complications such as:
- Miscarriage
- Preeclampsia
- Premature birth
- Low birth weight
- Deficits in fetal neurological development
Therefore, it is essential that pregnant women carry out thyroid tests in early pregnancy. When detected, the Treatment of hypothyroidism needs to be started immediately and monitored more frequently throughout the pregnancy.
Can hypothyroidism kill? Understand the risks and complications
Although the hypothyroidism generally evolves in a slow and controlled manner, it can be dangerous when left untreated. In rare cases, the condition can progress to myxedema coma, a serious, life-threatening condition. Symptoms include hypothermia, mental confusion, and loss of consciousness.
Furthermore, the hormonal imbalance can affect the heart, increasing LDL cholesterol levels and causing arrhythmias or heart failure.
These complications reinforce the importance of early diagnosis, regular treatment and continuous medical monitoring.
Hypothyroidism and the ICD: How is this condition classified?
THE hypothyroidism is classified in the ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases) with the code E03. This coding is used in medical records and makes it easier to track statistics and research.
Within this category, there are subtypes such as:
- E03.0 – Congenital hypothyroidism
- E03.5 – Post-surgical hypothyroidism
- Other subdivisions for specific causes
Correct use of the ICD code allows healthcare professionals to record and communicate the diagnosis clearly and consistently.
Final considerations on the management of hypothyroidism
Living with hypothyroidism requires attention, but it does not mean living with limitations. With a well-adjusted treatment, it is possible to have an active, productive and healthy life.
The most important thing is to maintain a close relationship with your doctor, have regular checkups, and report any changes in your symptoms. Small adjustments to your medication dosage can make a big difference in your overall health. quality of life.
With care and information, it is possible to transform hypothyroidism into just another aspect of your routine — without letting it define who you are.
FAQ – Frequently asked questions about hypothyroidism
What is hypothyroidism?
It is a condition in which the thyroid produces insufficient hormones, affecting metabolism and various body functions.
What are the main symptoms?
Fatigue, weight gain, feeling of cold, dry skin, hair loss and difficulty concentrating.
Is there a cure for hypothyroidism?
In most cases, no. But with proper treatment, the symptoms are controlled and the patient lives normally.
How is the diagnosis made?
Through blood tests that measure the levels of TSH, T3 and T4.
Can hypothyroidism affect pregnancy?
Yes. If left untreated, it can pose risks to both mother and baby.
What is the treatment for hypothyroidism?
THE hormone replacement with levothyroxine, accompanied by regular examinations to adjust the dose.
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